02.11.2007 | 9:56:18 am | Posted by admin By Colleen Hurley, RD, Certified Kid’s Nutrition Specialist
Scientists and researchers alike have long been working towards creating an infant formula that is comparable to breast milk. A recent move in this direction is the addition of omega-3 fatty acids to infant formula. These long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may help infants produce more proteins in muscle cells, regulate blood sugar, and increase IQ.
 Fish Oils and Infant Development
The connection between fish oils and infant development was sparked by the beneficial qualities of DHA. Found in cold-water fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts; DHA is the predominant fatty acid in the brain necessary for vision and vascular function and vital for proper infant brain development. Previous studies have focused on expectant mothers’ nutrition, concluding that the more DHA a mother ate, the more DHA a baby had at birth. A more recent study, however, found that neonate piglets fed a formula containing 3.5% fatty acids from fish oil had increased protein production. The piglets’ cells also showed a preference for using omega-3 fatty acids, which could provide insight not only into infant development but also into future metabolic health.
Breast milk Vs. Formula
As the saying goes, “breast is best″. There are times however, when formula is needed. The obvious question on everyone’s mind of course is why hasn’t anyone figured out how to make an infant formula that is just like breast milk? The answer is that a mother’s breast milk is constantly changing in order to meet the changing needs of her baby. Also, the components of breast milk vary from mother to mother. One striking difference between infant formula and breast milk is the DHA content. Breast milk contains a high level of DHA while most commercial infant formula contains none; hence the reason for the current research. The DHA content of breast milk can also vary depending on the amount of DHA in the mother’s diet.
The jury is still out
While some research concludes that the addition of fish oils may be beneficial to infant health and development, other research concludes it is not really necessary and could in fact be potentially harmful. For instance, much of the research has been done on animals with researchers making a presumption that the benefits may be similar in humans. Also, no clinical research has been done on the long-term effects or potential risks. In fact, current infant formulas are under close watch by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and must abide by strict guidelines for adding supplements to infant formula.
A varied whole-food based diet rich in omega-3 containing foods such as flaxseed, walnuts, fresh oily fish, and or flax seed oils will provide many of the nutrients a nursing mom needs to provide her baby with essential DHA. Speaking with a nutritionist or registered dietitian will help ensure you are consuming the nutrients and vitamins your nursing baby needs. Also, talk to your physician if you have any concerns and to help find an infant formula that is right for you and your baby.
References:
1. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2007, October 15). Baby Formula With Fish Oil Added May Help Infants.
2. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 1, 285S-291s, January 2000
© 2000 American Society for Clinical Nutrition
29.10.2007 | 9:05:46 am | Posted by admin By Colleen Hurley, RD Certified Kid’s Nutrition Specialist
With parents awaiting changes in legislation regarding the safety of infant and children’s toys, California takes initiative to make improvements. A little over a week ago, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger passed a law banning the use of phtalates in toys and baby products. California is the first state in the US to pass a law of this nature.
 What exactly are phthalates?
Phthalates (pronounced THA-lates) are a group of chemicals that have been used in plastics since the 1930’s as a means of making plastic soft and pliable. Phthalates typically float around within a PVC polymer like water in a sponge; making them easily ingested. Commonly found in foil packed products, ink used to print on plastic, baby formula, baby toys, cheese, margarine, vinyl flooring, and cosmetics; phthalates are fat-soluble and tend to accumulate in fat-rich foods like butter and cheese as well as body fat cells in humans.
Why are we just hearing about this now?
Although the current scrutiny on baby toys has caused both manufacturers and consumers to take a harder look at what we are allowing our kids to play with, phthalates have been under suspicion for almost a decade. Since 1999, Greenpeace has been campaigning to ban toys made with PVC. It seems the US tends to be behind the rest of the world when it comes to chemicals. The European Parliament voted in 2005 to ban several forms of phthalates in products kids might put in their mouths and Canada voluntarily agreed to seize use of phthalates since 1998.
Why are phthalates bad for us?
For starters, this dangerous chemical mix is mainly used in baby toys. As every parent knows, kids put everything in their mouths. Many teething rings, pacifiers, and rattles contain phthalates. Even a small amount of exposure has been linked in studies to cause genital defects including decreased testosterone production in boys, and early onset of puberty in girls. Back in 2005, USA Today reported pregnant women exposed to high (yet common) levels of phthalates had an increased risk of giving birth to sons with decreased reproductive development including incomplete testicular descent and smaller genitals. The Phthalate Esters Panel of the American Chemistry Council said there was not enough significant research to have concern and dismissed these studies. This same panel is also lobbying to keep other US states from proposing a ban similar to the one in California.
Parent as Advocates
As a parent you’re a not just a caregiver but also a consumer. Supply reflects demand, so it is important to search for quality baby products. You can visit Congress.org to learn more about current legislation regarding infant, baby, and children’s products as well as what you can do to advocate change.
24.10.2007 | 5:27:56 pm | Posted by admin Colleen Hurley, RD, Certified Kid’s Nutrition Specialist
The wake of the recent toy recalls has left many parents wondering what changes will occur in toy manufacturing. Furthermore, how could we as a nation allow this to happen? And how will we know what we buy in the future is safe?
With so many toys made in China, why isn’t the US more strict on their import and export standards? As Buy Direct USA points out, companies often put price before quality. The craze for fad toys sends toy makers scrambling overseas for cheap labor and mass production. Saving a dollar is putting our most sensitive population, children, at risk.
 Turning the Tide
US lawmakers are currently in negotiations with Chinese officials to require US inspections of plants manufacturing goods for export to the US.
Chinese officials say this law would ultimately hurt the brand-holder, the importer, and exporter. Yet currently, it is our children who are getting hurt. Instead, Chinese officials countered it would be best to leave inspections as a commercial agreement between importer and exporter. China has also promised to revise its own manufacturing procedures; yet states America should share the responsibility. This may not be enough for many parents, as 80% of children’s toys are made in China. One law China has enacted as of August 31, 2007 is to force companies who have been found to make defective food or goods cease production immediately until the problem is cleared up. These companies must also notify consumers and issue refunds. The new law is to be enforced by the Chinese Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine.
Cleaning Up Their Act
Mattel, the company responsible for the recent recall of children and infant toys, has declared it will make some changes in procedure. Prior to the recall, toys were only randomly tested. Mattel has now promised to check every batch of toys made and “step up″ safety checks with suppliers before the toys are finished production.
Looking To The Future
What exactly the future holds for toy makers is yet to be seen. It is apparent that saving money in production certainly does not save money in the long run. Toys can play and integral role in early child development. It is vitally important, however, to make sure these toys are made safe. One proactive step you as a parent can take is to buy toys made in the US. This will ensure the manufacturer has complied with current regulations and standards. Organic baby products and naturally made toys are another way to ensure you are getting products that have been made under stringent guidelines in both production procedures and environment impact. See our post Organic Baby Products for tips on shopping for safe, quality toys for your kids.
23.10.2007 | 9:28:59 pm | Posted by admin By Colleen Hurley, RD, Certified Kid’s Nutrition Specialist
 Is your baby starting to show signs of wanting to open her mouth and let a spoon in? Then get ready for the exciting (and messy) adventure of starting her on solid foods. This is an important time in your baby’s life. Not only are you introducing foods to her tummy for the first time, you are also setting the course for her lifelong eating behaviors. Putting cereal in a bottle and force-feeding your baby at only 6 weeks is no longer common practice. Parents nowadays follow feeding schedules that are endorsed by pediatricians to maximize development and nutrition. The AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be solely breastfed for the first 6 months and then introduced to solids.Here are a few good reasons why waiting until your baby is 6 months old to introduce solids is a good idea:
· You reduce the risk of overfeeding: younger babies are unable to turn their head to let you know when they are full.
· You reduce the risk of developing allergies: your baby’s intestinal tract is not fully developed until 6 months old so introducing solid foods earlier than that can result in food allergies.
· You help prevent choking: your baby cannot swallow food correctly before 6 months of age so starting her on solids too soon may cause her to choke.
· Some myths are just myths: starting your baby on solids early to help him sleep through the night is nothing but a myth.
So how will you know when you baby is ready? The following clues will help you recognize when your baby is ready for solid food:
· She can hold her head up by herself: your baby needs to be able to hold her head in a steady, upright position.
· He has doubled his birth weight: he should have at least doubled his weight since birth.
· Her appetite has increased: she may seem hungry after a normal feeding and the intervals between her feedings may become shorter.
· He is becoming curious: he may seem curious about what you’re eating by reaching for food in your hand or on your plate.
· She will lose the “extrusion″ reflex: she will welcome food in her mouth and not try to push it out with her tongue.
Once your baby has shown you some signs that he is ready to start solids – let the fun begin! It is important that you set healthy mealtimes and allow adequate time for your baby to eat. This is, after all, a brand new skill for him and it will take time for him to master the art of eating. Eating fast, force-feeding, overeating, and eating in front of the TV are not only bad habits for you, but they can teach bad habits to your baby. So take your time, be patient, and enjoy the experience. And remember, solid foods are not meant to replace breast milk or formula, they are meant to be an addition to your baby’s current diet to help your baby grow and develop.
Some good food to start with:
· Rice cereal
· Bananas
· Avocados
· Applesauce
· Sweet potatoes
· Peas
· Pears
· Carrots
· Squash
Baby’s First Spoon
Try using your finger to feed your baby her first solid food. She is already familiar with your finger and it is the perfect temperature. After washing your hands, simply scoop a little bit of rice cereal or applesauce onto your finger and place it on the tip of her tongue (that’s where the “sweet″ taste buds are). You may find you have some challenges getting her to open her mouth, but once you are able to get some food on her tongue and she doesn’t spit it back out at you, you are on your way to a successful feeding. Once your baby is comfortable with receiving food from your finger, you should begin transitioning to a soft, rubber-coated spoon to avoid damaging her gums.
Don’t make it a buffet
During the first few feedings, your baby may only swallow a teaspoon or two of food. Keep in mind that your initial goal is to introduce him to the amazing new experience of tastes and textures, not to stuff his face. As your baby requires breast milk or formula for the first year of his life, solids are not meant to be substitute feedings. Starting slowly, you can gradually work up to a ¼ cup of food at time. Be prepared to witness inconsistent eating habits: one day your baby may love bananas; the next day she may spit them out. It is all part of the new mealtime game and your baby will let you know how she’s feeling that day. By around 8months of age your baby should be eating 3 meals of solid food per day.
Observe the signs
Here are few cues your baby will give you to show his interest or disinterest in the food you are offering him:
· He may grab your hand, lean toward the food, or grab the spoon from you to show you he wants more to eat.
· She may purse her lips closed tight, turn her head away from the spoon, or show interest in other things around her to indicate that she has had enough.
Food Allergies
In order to decrease the chances of your baby developing food allergies, it important to avoid feeding him any foods that contain gluten for the first year of his life. For this reason, rice cereal is a great first food as it has a low chance of causing allergies. Be sure to introduce new foods slowly, one at a time, and wait at least 3 days before introducing something new. This will allow you to identify which food, if any, causes your baby to react. Reactions can show as rashes, hives or redness around the mouth, a bloated tummy, increased gas, or diarrhea. It is also important to avoid feeding your baby common allergens in their fist year of life. These foods include peanuts, peanut butter, other tree
nuts, cow’s milk, shellfish, egg whites, and citrus (including juices).
A few rules to remember
It may seem like an overwhelming process but there is a lot of fun to be had. Here are a few simple rules for getting the most out of feeding your baby solid foods:
Patience is a Virtue: enough said.
Rice is nice: start slowly with rice cereal.
After 3, it’s for me: introduce 1 food at a time every 3 days.
Gluten-free is the way to be: avoid foods containing gluten for the first year of life.
Cues are for you: keep your eyes open for cues from your baby about foods he likes or dislikes, or when he is hungry or full.
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again: if your baby is not showing interest in solid food, don’t fret! Simply resume breastfeeding and try again in a few days.
When in doubt, check it out: if you have any questions or concerns, contact your pediatrician.
| 8:58:46 pm | Posted by admin By Colleen Hurley, RD, Certified Kid’s Nutrition Expert
 Has your child decided to boycott all things green? Is he refusing fruit of any kind? Is he in a food jag of eating only peanut butter and jelly sandwiches with the crust cut off? Sounds like the makings of a picky eater. You want your child to eat healthy, but you also want to make sure he eats. Having a picky eater can be frustrating, especially for new moms. Here are some Do’s and Don’ts for making sure your picky toddler eats healthy:
Don’t Punish
First and foremost, although the temptation is there, do not punish your child for not eating. The same goes for rewarding- do not reward her when she does eat. She most likely does not understand why you want her to eat healthy foods or may not even know what “healthy″ means. Letting the pickiness escalate into a battle only encourages poor mealtime behavior. If she knows it gets to you, she may act out at the dinner table only for attention and punishing gives her the negative attention she is seeking.
Don’t Make it a Restaurant
If he doesn’t like what you’ve made for lunch, avoid the temptation to run back into the kitchen to make him something you know he will eat. Let him know that lunch is served, if he doesn’t like it he doesn’t have to eat and he can wait for dinner. When he is hungry, he is much more likely to eat what is served at the next meal.
Don’t Rush
Let her take her time with her meal, eating slowly is a good habit to have
Don’t Dwell On It
If he didn’t want to eat what you served, don’t go into lengthy discussion about why he needs to eat or beg and plead with him – this may only start a battle. Simply let him go back to playing and assure him he can eat at the next mealtime.
The Do’s of providing nutritious foods for kids:
Be Sneaky
When introducing a new fruit or vegetable, serve it with a food you know she already likes. You can also sneak in fruits and veggies- blend fruits into a smoothie or puree veggies into a pasta sauce
Limit Liquids
Offer only 100% juice and limit it to 6-8 oz per day. Too much liquid will fill him up and take the place of food
Be Creative
Kids love to play with their food. Try cutting veggies and sandwiches into fun shapes; make a smiley face with raisins on a peanut butter sandwich or with veggies on a pizza
Go shopping
Take her with you the next time you grocery shop and let her pick out a veggie or fruit she’s never tried before
Have a 2-bite rule
Make it a house rule that everyone has to try to eat at least 2 bites of what is served for a meal; those 2 bites may eventually turn into a serving
Keep healthy kids snacks accessible
Have cut and washed veggies available for a snack and keep fruit in a dish on the table. If it is around, he will be more likely to eat it
Offer healthy “seconds″
If your picky eater has managed to eat what is on his plate and is asking for seconds, offer only a fruit or veggie. If she is truly still hungry, she’ll eat what is provided
Have healthy options, but set a limit
Kids like to have choices, just limit those choices to healthy foods. “Would you like grapes or pears with lunch?″ is a win/win question. Your child gets a choice, but both options are healthy
Give him some praise
Be sure to congratulate him for trying something new
Although this may be a trying time, it is important to try to limit picky eating behaviors. Tastes do change over time, and she may begin to like new foods later if you encourage her to try new things now. See our “Tips for Feeding Your Toddler″ post for additional ideas. It is important to maintain regular check ups with your toddler’s physician to make sure she is growing and developing properly. Also, be sure to contact her physician is you have any questions or concerns about her diet. As mentioned on Today’s Parent, parents need to continually challenge their kids to try new foods, and never give up.
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